Functional Programming VS Object Oriented Programming

30 Mar 2022 - Shyam Mohan

Programming paradigms differ from one another based on their features and the style they support. Every programming has its fine share of advantages and disadvantages so it is better to know where to use it before actually using it.Functional programming and object-oriented programming have very different approaches to programming.
Lets a quick look into Functional programming and object-oriented programming.

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING
Functional programming tries to combine everything in pure mathematical functions. It is declarative programming. It is the foundation to code organization that exists in all higher-order programming paradigms. Developers often use functional programming declaratively rather than imperatively.

Here are some examples of programming paradigms that support functional programming:JavaScript, Python, Scala.

Advantages of Functional programming:

• It reduces complex problems into simple parts
• It makes debugging the code quicker.
• It helps us to solve problems in a simpler way.
• It improves modularity.
  

Disadvantages of Functional programming:

• Combining pure functions
• Recursion
• Mathematical terminology

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Object Oriented programming (OOP) is a program that uses the concept of classes and objects. It is used to turn a software program into simple, reusable pieces of code.

Here are some of the object-oriented programming paradigms -JavaScript, C++, Java, and Python.

Advantages of object oriented programming :

• Reuse of code
• data-centered design
• easy to maintain and modify existing code
• Higher-quality software
  

Disadvantages of object oriented programming :

• Decreased performance.
• Complex code
• Larger program size

Let’s check: What is CI/CD Pipeline?

DIFFERENCE :
Object-oriented languages are used when you have a fixed set of requirements to build some functionality , and as your requirement changes, you add new functionality. This is accomplished by adding new classes which extends the existing methods, and there will be no changes done on the existing class.

Functional languages are preferred when you have a fixed set of requirements, and as your code changes, you mainly add new operations on existing code. This can be achieved by adding new functions which compute with existing data, and the existing functions are left alone.

Functional Programming VS OOP Programming:

	Functional Programming	OOPs Programming
Definition	It focuses on using functions where each function has a specific task	It is based on Objects and Classes
Support	Supports parallel programming	Does not support parallel programming
Data	Uses immutable data	Uses mutable data
Order of Execution	No particular order while execution	Uses bottom-up approach
Security	Does not have Data Hiding	Provides Data Hiding
Access Specifiers	Does not have any Access specifiers	Provides Access Specifiers-Private ,Public ,Protected
Iteration	Uses recursion	Uses Loops

Conclusion
Functional Programming and Object-oriented programming are completely different programming paradigm.Despite of having different approaches, both of them are designed to make the code efficient.Both programming paradigms have their own pros and cons.To have create more efficiency in the development, typically OOP is prefered, while for the creation of very complicated, scalable, and flexible software systems FP will work better.